The use of any medication for type 2 diabetes still cannot fully offset the impact of malnutrition on blood sugar.Proper nutrition is an essential part of effective management of type 2 diabetes and will help you reach your blood sugar goals.
Nutritional approach for people with type 2 diabetes with or without overweight, hypertension, etc. v. will vary slightly.
The vast majority of overweight people have type 2 diabetes. Excess weight prevents its own insulin from working effectively, which is why blood sugar levels remain high.Therefore, weight loss is an indispensable condition for proper treatment!Even moderate weight loss (5-10%) improves carbohydrate metabolism, especially in the early stages of the disease.
How to achieve weight loss?
It should be noted right away that there is no specific product or medicinal plant for weight loss. Currently, there is no drug that by itself, without dieting, can provide a highly effective and completely safe weight loss effect.
The only reliable way is to limit energy intake.(it is indicated in calories), i. e. obey the ruleslow calorie food. The lack of energy leads to the fact that the stored energy "conserved" in adipose tissue will be used for various needs of the body, and weight will inevitably be reduced.
The energy carrier in food is its three components:proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The highest calorie content of them is fat, they contain 9 kcal per gram; in proteins and carbohydrates - 4 kcal per 1 gram.
The most effective way to reduce the calorie content of a diet is to reduce the fat content. This is not only safe but also useful for modern humans, because unfortunately our diet contains too much fat. Compared with fat, the calorie content of protein and carbohydrates can be considered moderate, however, to achieve a good effect in weight loss, they still need to be slightly limited.
There are some products that do not need to be restricted when it comes to weight loss. On the contrary, it is these products that can make up for the above limitations and supplement the reduced feed intake. This food group is mainly vegetables, poor in nutrients but rich in water, as well asvegetable fiberwithout being digested. Plant fiber brings many benefits to the body: improves intestinal function, helps absorb vitamins, has the effect of fat metabolism, etc. v.
There are three groups of products that, in order to lose weight, need to be consumed in different ways.Looking at these groups, you will surely have an association with traffic lights.
The maximum limit
High-calorie foods: high in fat, alcohol, sugar and confectionery
For example:oil, lard, sour cream, mayonnaise; cream, cottage cheese and cottage cheese; fish oil, poultry skin, canned meat; fish and vegetables in oil; fatty meat, smoked meat, sausage; sugar, soft drinks, honey, jam, jam, candy, cakes, cookies, chocolate, ice cream, nuts, seeds, alcoholic beverages.
Moderate restriction (eating half of the previous normal serving)
Medium-calorie products: proteins, starches, dairy products, fruits and berries.
For example:regular fat or low fat/skimmed milk and yogurt products, cheese less than 30% fat, cheese less than 4% fat, eggs, lean meat, fish, pasta, lean breads and pies, cereals; fruits, potatoes, corn, peas and mature beans.
Unlimited use
Low-calorie foods: vegetables (excluding potatoes, corn, peas and mature beans) and low-calorie beverages.
For example:radishes, radishes, beets, carrots, mushrooms, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, eggplants, pea pods, young green beans, lettuce, greens, spinach, sorrel, anyany cabbage; tea, coffee without sugar and cream, mineral water.
Is it possible to maintain a low-calorie diet without counting calories?
This is entirely possible if guided by the product selection guidelines outlined above. What's more, experts have long recognized that it's not the number of calories a person needs to consume (which is difficult to pinpoint for each person), but the number of calories a person actually reduces. his diet!
One indicator of proper adherence to the principles of low-calorie nutrition will be the achievement of results: weight loss! If the weight is not reduced, this indicates that it is not yet possible to significantly reduce the amount of calories in the diet.
How do different types of carbohydrates affect blood sugar?
Carbohydrates are the only nutrients that directly raise blood sugar, but there's no reason to limit them drastically.
Carbohydrates in the diet of any person, including someone with diabetes, should be sufficient (at least 50% of total calories), as they are the body's source of energy. Furthermore, different types of carbohydrates have different effects on blood sugar levels.
Havehomelycarbohydrates (they are called sugars), are digested very easily, as they are composed of small molecules and are rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (after 10 minutes). They immediately and very strongly increase the level of glucose in the blood. It is from these carbohydrates that sugar, honey are created, a lot in fruit juices (they are also in natural fruits, but due to fiber, the absorption of carbohydrates is not fast), beer. Such carbohydrates are also found in liquid dairy products, but due to the fat content, carbohydrates are not quickly absorbed.
Another type of carbohydratecombination(starches), they also raise blood sugar, just not as quickly and not as much as simple carbohydrates. Representatives of such products: bread, cereals, pasta, potatoes, corn. The starch molecule is large, and the body has to work hard to absorb it. Therefore, glucose formed by the breakdown of starch is absorbed more slowly (after about 30 minutes), increasing its level in the blood to a lesser extent.
Processing of starchy foods (any grinding process, prolonged exposure to heat) contributes to a rise in blood sugar. This means that the sharp rise in blood glucose levels when eating starches can be prevented by using a number of cooking and processing methods. For example, it is better to cook potatoes not in the form of mashed potatoes, but with the skins on so that they remain thick. It is also better not to cook porridge for too long. It is better to cook them from large unmilled grains (buckwheat, rice).
Enriching foods with vegetable fiber prevents an increase in blood sugar. Therefore, it is better to buy whole grain bread or bran and not from fine flour. Fruits and berries should be consumed in their natural form, not in juice form.
There are such types of carbohydrate products -"free", then the blood glucose level does not increase or increases slightly. These products include almost all vegetables in normal quantities (except potatoes). For example, cabbage, lettuce, parsley, dill, radish, radish, zucchini, eggplant, pumpkin, pepper, etc. v. Among the products of this group, the largest amounts of carbohydrates are found in beets and carrots, but the rise in blood sugar after them is not very large. Therefore, if you eat them in moderation (as a side dish, no more than 200 g), then you can also skip them.
Do I need to count carbohydrates?
A person with type 2 diabetes who is taking oral antidiabetic medication or is just dieting does not need to calculate the exact amount of carbohydrates in food. Many people with diabetes have heard of the so-called bread unit. Such a calculation system exists for people receiving insulin. It allows you to compare carbohydrate intake with the dose of short-acting insulin that people with diabetes inject before meals.
Special products for the treatment of "diabetes"
Sweeteners can make foods taste sweeter without raising blood sugar or gaining weight. But in this case, we're just talking about zero-calorie sugar substitutes. These include aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, stevioside. They have absolutely no effect on blood sugar and weight. However, most "diabetic" foods (cookies, chocolate, waffles) instead of sugar contain sorbitol, xylitol or fructose, which are almost as high in calories as sugar. Therefore, when overweight, it must be limited as much as possible, just like eating regular sweets.
fraction diet
Splitting means multiple meals a day (5-6 times, but still not more often after 2. 5-3 hours) in small portions. This is useful because hunger can occur when following a low-calorie diet. Eating more often will help reduce it. In addition, a small portion of food contains less carbohydrates and this will facilitate the functioning of the pancreas.
Wine
Due to its high calorie content (7 kcal per 1 g), alcohol can contribute to weight gain. In addition, it directly aggravates the indicators of fat metabolism and blood pressure. So, limit your drinking as much as possible.
Alcohol is known to have adverse effects on the liver. It can cause hypoglycemia if a person with diabetes is taking blood sugar-lowering medications and insulin. Never drink alcohol on an empty stomach!